Party2D
Interactive party-position estimates. Select parties below to compare economic and cultural positions over time.
Party2D tracks where parties stand on two scales, economic left versus right and cultural cosmopolitan versus traditionalist. It covers 708 parties in 65 countries from 1944 to 2025. Positions are estimated with a Bayesian latent trait model combining several expert surveys of party positions with coded manifesto and media texts, placed on one comparable scale with uncertainty shown for every estimate.
Pre-release, currently revise and resubmit at Scientific Data.
Selected Parties
Data access
Latest Party2D data release
Party2D Estimates v0 (pre-release)
Two-dimensional party-position estimates release.
Sources
Data sources behind the estimates
Party2D combines expert surveys with coded manifesto and media texts. If you use the data, please cite Party2D.
| Source | Type | Years | Parties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manifesto Project | Coded manifestos | 1920 to 2025 | 713 |
| PolDem media coding | Coded media coverage | 1972 to 2017 | 93 |
| Chapel Hill Expert Survey, Europe | Expert survey | 1999 to 2024 | 319 |
| Chapel Hill Expert Survey, Canada | Expert survey | 2023 | 5 |
| Chapel Hill Expert Survey, Latin America | Expert survey | 2020 | 53 |
| Chapel Hill Expert Survey, Israel | Expert survey | 2021 to 2022 | 13 |
| V-Party | Expert survey | 1970 to 2019 | 589 |
| Populism and Political Parties Expert Survey | Expert survey | 2018 to 2023 | 225 |
| Global Party Survey | Expert survey | 2019 | 271 |
| Morgan historical experts, available on request | Expert survey | 1945 to 1973 | 72 |
Party counts and year ranges describe input coverage before building the 1944 to 2025 release. Full references are in the paper and in the repository setup docs at codeberg.org/aseimel/party2d.